“The organizations across verticals use video on demand service for entertainment where movies and other programs are transmitted digitally, for education where video are used for training and learning purpose, and video conferencing in which presentations are delivered in form of video clips. Although VOD is largely used in all these areas, it is sometimes not widely implemented. The biggest obstacle is the lack of infrastructure that manages large amount of data mostly required by a video. The report specifies the important inputs such as drivers, restraints, opportunities in VOD market
The VOD ecosystem comprises of leading industry players offering hardware, solutions and services. The market players in the ecosystem add capabilities to build a robust system add caters to those audiences who need fast, high quality, and real time access to the content. They also provide attractive opportunities to consume content in variety of ways. The most driving factors behind this development are various platforms such as You Tube, Netflix, Magine and Watchever amongst others. The founders, managing directors, broadcasters, platform operators are presenting new concepts, strategies and outlooks on the VOD ecosystem. Prominent vendors in the VOD market space are Akamai Technologies, Alcatel-Lucent, Arris, AT&T, Cisco, Concurrent, Ericsson, Fujitsu, Harmonic, Huawei Technologies, Level 3 Communications, SeaChange International, ZTE, Ateme, Broadpeak, Blackarrow, Telestream, Octoshape, and Minerva Networks. These players are included in the VOD ecosystem and play a critical role in simplifying on-demand service and offering solutions to address the need of flexible and continuous demand of consumers.
Even though the VOD market is flooded with a range of offerings from various vendors, the broadcast television continues to evolve, with consumers increasingly demanding for videos on growing number of devices. The main aim of service providers and content owners is not only to deliver the required content to each of the platforms with a specific timeframe, but to also meet the performance requirements for respective streaming formats. Therefore, ever expanding networks are enhancing the conventional TV experience by offering new formats and frameworks for video delivery such as IPTV, OTT, and Smart TV. These emerging technologies are continuously proving to be efficient and popular tools for the audience and can maximize the profits with fewer amounts of resources.
Video on Demand is available to the end-users in many formats such as free VOD, which includes basic or family packages, subscription video on demand where a separate regularly re-occurring fee is charged for VOD programming. Typically each of these operated in same manner offering services such as play, pause, stop, fast forward, and rewind. The VOD applications are being aggressively adopted across the academic and corporate sectors for streamlining the on-demand process. VOD has a great potential to be a successful revenue generator and supports the cable operators and content providers to increase profits and satisfy customers. This report will help the cable operators to decide if video on demand makes any financial sense for their own cable system and make a profitable investment.
The VOD market research report analyzes key opportunities in the on demand videos space, by providing critical market data in terms of revenue opportunity, segment growth, regional adoption trends, competitive landscape, venture capital funding, and highlights on emerging solution providers to watch out for.
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“TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1.2 MARKET DEFINITION
1.3 MARKET SCOPE
1.3.1 MARKETS COVERED
1.3.2 YEARS
1.4 CURRENCY
1.5 LIMITATIONS
1.6 STAKEHOLDERS
2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
2.1 RESEARCH DATA
2.1.1 SECONDARY DATA
2.1.1.1 Key data from secondary sources
2.1.2 PRIMARY DATA
2.1.2.1 Key data from primary sources
2.1.2.2 Key Industry Insights
2.2 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION
2.2.1 BOTTOM-UP APPROACH
2.2.2 TOP-DOWN APPROACH
2.3 MARKET BREAKDOWN AND DATA TRIANGULATION
2.3.1 ASSUMPTIONS
3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
3.1 VOD MARKET ACROSS VARIOUS REGIONS
4 PREMIUM INSIGHTS
4.1 ATTRACTIVE MARKET OPPORTUNITIES IN VOD MARKET
4.2 VOD MARKET, BY SOLUTION, 2014
4.3 VOD DELIVERY TECHNOLOGIES MARKET
4.4 VOD REGIONAL MARKET
4.5 LIFECYCLE ANALYSIS, BY REGION, 2014
5 MARKET OVERVIEW
5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.2 EVOLUTION
5.3 MARKET SEGMENTATION
5.3.1 VOD MARKET
5.3.2 BY SOLUTION
5.3.3 BY APPLICATION
5.3.4 BY DELIVERY TECHNOLOGY
5.3.5 BY VERTICAL
5.3.6 BY REGION
5.4 MARKET DYNAMICS
5.4.1 DRIVERS
5.4.1.1 VOD as a differentiator in the extremely competitive pay-TV market
5.4.1.2 Improved customer viewing experience
5.4.1.3 VOD as the greatest revenue generator for cable operators and content providers
5.4.2 RESTRAINTS
5.4.2.1 Difficulty in achieving negotiable content licensing
5.4.2.2 Low capacity of set-top boxes
5.4.3 OPPORTUNITIES
5.4.3.1 Increasing bandwidth saving by new streaming schemes
5.4.3.2 Web-based media helps in increasing the number of viewers for VOD
5.4.3.3 Integration of a wide array of services in the VOD market
5.4.4 CHALLENGE
5.4.4.1 Video piracy concern is a major hindrance
6 INDUSTRY TRENDS
6.1 INTRODUCTION
6.2 VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS
6.3 PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS
6.3.1 THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS
6.3.2 THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES
6.3.3 BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS
6.3.4 BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS
6.3.5 INTENSITY OF COMPETITIVE RIVALRY
7 GLOBAL VOD MARKET ANALYSIS, BY SOLUTION
7.1 INTRODUCTION
7.2 PAY-TV VOD
7.2.1 CABLE TV SERVICE
7.2.2 DIRECT TO HOME (DTH) SERVICE
7.3 OVER-THE-TOP (OTT) SERVICES
7.4 INTERNET PROTOCOL TELEVISION (IPTV)
8 GLOBAL VOD MARKET ANALYSIS, BY APPLICATION
8.1 INTRODUCTION
8.2 ENTERTAINMENT
8.3 EDUCATION AND TRAINING
8.4 NETWORK VIDEO KIOSKS
8.5 ONLINE COMMERCE
8.6 DIGITAL LIBRARIES
9 GLOBAL VOD MARKET ANALYSIS, BY DELIVERY TECHNOLOGY
9.1 INTRODUCTION
9.2 TRANSACTIONAL VIDEO ON DEMAND (TVOD)
9.3 SUBSCRIPTION VIDEO ON DEMAND (SVOD)
9.4 NEAR-VIDEO ON DEMAND (NVOD)
9.5 OTHERS
10 GLOBAL VOD MARKET ANALYSIS, BY VERTICAL
10.1 INTRODUCTION
10.2 ACADEMIA AND GOVERNMENT
10.3 BANKING, FINANCIAL SERVICES, AND INSURANCE (BFSI)
10.4 CONSUMER GOODS AND RETAIL
10.5 HEALTHCARE
10.6 MANUFACTURING
10.7 HOSPITALITY
10.8 TELECOM AND IT
10.9 MEDIA AND ENTERTAINMENT
10.10 TRANSPORT AND LOGISTICS
10.11 OTHER INDUSTRY VERTICALS
11 GEOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS
11.1 INTRODUCTION
11.2 NORTH AMERICA (NA)
11.3 EUROPE
11.4 ASIA-PACIFIC (APAC)
11.5 MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA (MEA)
11.6 LATIN AMERICA (LA)
12 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
12.1 OVERVIEW
12.2 COMPETITIVE SITUATION AND TRENDS
12.3 NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENTS, 2012-2015
12.3.1 AGREEMENTS, PARTNERSHIPS, AND COLLABORATIONS
12.3.2 MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS
13 COMPANY PROFILE
(Overview, Products & Services, Strategies & Insights, Developments and MnM View)*
13.1 INTRODUCTION
13.2 ALCATEL-LUCENT
13.3 FUJITSU
13.4 ZTE CORPORATION
13.5 ERICSSON
13.6 HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES
13.7 AKAMAI TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
13.8 AVAYA
13.9 LEVEL 3 COMMUNICATIONS
13.10 AT&T
13.11 CISCO
*Details on Overview, Products & Services, Strategies & Insights, Developments and MnM View might not be captured in case of unlisted companies.
14 APPENDIX
14.1 DISCUSSION GUIDE
14.2 INTRODUCING RT: REAL TIME MARKET INTELLIGENCE
14.3 AVAILABLE CUSTOMIZATIONS
14.4 RELATED REPORTS
“
“LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1 VOD MARKET: ASSUMPTIONS
TABLE 2 VOD MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH RATE, 2012–2019 ($MILLION, Y-O-Y %)
TABLE 3 VOD AS A DIFFERENTIATOR IN THE EXTREMELY COMPETITIVE PAY-TV MARKET IS PROPELLING THE GROWTH OF VOD MARKET
TABLE 4 DIFFICULTY IN ACHIEVING NEGOTIABLE CONTENT LICENSING IS HAMPERING THE GROWTH OF THE VOD MARKET
TABLE 5 WEB-BASED MEDIA HELPS IN INCREASING THE NUMBER OF VIEWERS FOR VOD
TABLE 6 VIDEO PIRACY CHALLENGES THE GROWTH OF VIDEO ON DEMAND MARKET
TABLE 7 VOD MARKET SIZE, BY SOLUTION, 2012-2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 8 PAY-TV: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY TYPE, 2012-2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 9 PAY-TV: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY VERTICAL, 2012-2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 10 PAY-TV: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2012-2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 11 CABLE TV: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2012-2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 12 DTH SERVICES: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2012-2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 13 OTT SERVICES MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH, 2012-2019 ($MILLION, Y-O-Y %)
TABLE 14 OTT SERVICES: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY VERTICAL, 2012-2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 15 OTT SERVICES: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2012-2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 16 IPTV MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH, 2012-2019 ($MILLION, Y-O-Y %)
TABLE 17 IPTV: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY VERTICAL, 2012-2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 18 IPTV: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2012-2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 19 VOD MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2012–2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 20 ENTERTAINMENT: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2012–2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 21 EDUCATION AND TRAINING: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2012–2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 22 NETWORK VIDEO KIOSKS: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2012–2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 23 ONLINE COMMERCE: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2012–2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 24 DIGITAL LIBRARY: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2012–2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 25 VOD MARKET SIZE, BY DELIVERY TECHNOLOGY, 2012–2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 26 TVOD: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY VERTICAL, 2012–2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 27 TVOD: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2012–2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 28 SVOD: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY VERTICAL, 2012–2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 29 SVOD: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2012–2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 30 NVOD: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY VERTICAL, 2012–2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 31 NVOD: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2012–2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 32 OTHERS: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY VERTICAL, 2012–2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 33 OTHERS: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2012–2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 34 VOD MARKET SIZE, BY VERTICAL, 2012–2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 35 ACADEMIA AND GOVERNMENT: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY SOLUTION, 2012–2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 36 ACADEMIA AND GOVERNMENT: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2012–2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 37 BFSI: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY SOLUTION, 2012–2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 38 BFSI: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2012–2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 39 CONSUMER GOODS AND RETAIL: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY SOLUTION, 2012–2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 40 CONSUMER GOODS AND RETAIL: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2012–2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 41 HEALTHCARE: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY SOLUTION, 2012–2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 42 HEALTHCARE: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2012–2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 43 MANUFACTURING: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY SOLUTION, 2012–2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 44 MANUFACTURING: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2012–2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 45 HOSPITALITY: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY SOLUTION, 2012–2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 46 HOSPITALITY: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2012–2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 47 TELECOM AND IT: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY SOLUTION, 2012–2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 48 TELECOM AND IT: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2012–2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 49 MEDIA AND ENTERTAINMENT: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY SOLUTION, 2012–2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 50 MEDIA AND ENTERTAINMENT: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2012–2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 51 TRANSPORT AND LOGISTICS: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY SOLUTION, 2012–2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 52 TRANSPORT AND LOGISTICS: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2012–2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 53 OTHER VERTICALS: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY SOLUTION, 2012–2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 54 OTHER VERTICALS: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2012–2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 55 VOD MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2012–2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 56 NA: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY SOLUTION, 2012–2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 57 NA: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY DELIVERY TECHNOLOGY, 2012–2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 58 NA: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY VERTICAL, 2012–2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 59 NA: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2012–2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 60 EUROPE: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY SOLUTION, 2012–2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 61 EUROPE: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY DELIVERY TECHNOLOGY, 2012–2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 62 EUROPE: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY VERTICAL, 2012–2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 63 EUROPE: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2012–2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 64 APAC: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY SOLUTION, 2012–2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 65 APAC: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY DELIVERY TECHNOLOGY, 2012–2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 66 APAC: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY VERTICAL, 2012–2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 67 APAC: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2012–2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 68 MEA: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY SOLUTION, 2012–2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 69 MEA: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY DELIVERY TECHNOLOGY, 2012–2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 70 MEA: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY VERTICAL, 2012–2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 71 MEA: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2012–2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 72 LA: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY SOLUTION, 2012–2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 73 LA: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY DELIVERY TECHNOLOGY, 2012–2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 74 LA: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY VERTICAL, 2012–2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 75 LA: VOD MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION, 2012–2019 ($MILLION)
TABLE 76 NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENTS, 2012–2015
TABLE 77 AGREEMENTS, PARTNERSHIPS, AND COLLABORATIONS, 2012–2015
TABLE 78 MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS, 2012–2015
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“LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1 VOD MARKET: STAKEHOLDERS
FIGURE 2 RESEARCH DESIGN
FIGURE 3 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY: BOTTOM-UP APPROACH
FIGURE 4 MARKET SIZE ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY: TOP-DOWN APPROACH
FIGURE 5 VOD MARKET SNAPSHOT (2014 VS. 2019): PAY-TV VOD TO LEAD THE VOD SOLUTION MARKET
FIGURE 6 VOD MARKET SIZE, BY VERTICAL (2014 VS. 2019): HOSPITALITY IS EXPECTED TO CONTINUE DOMINATING THE MARKET
FIGURE 7 VOD MARKET: BY SOLUTION, 2014
FIGURE 8 VOD MARKET SHARE, 2014-2019
FIGURE 9 IPTV SOLUTION IS AN UNCHARTED OPPORTUNITY FOR THE COMING YEARS
FIGURE 10 PAY-TV VOD POSTS THE LARGEST MARKET SIZE IN THE VOD MARKET IN 2014
FIGURE 11 TVOD HOLDS THE LARGEST MARKET SIZE IN THE VOD DELIVERY TECHNOLOGIES MARKET IN 2014
FIGURE 12 MEA MARKET TO GROW WITH THE HIGHEST CAGR
FIGURE 13 MEA AND APAC ARE EXPECTED TO HAVE HIGH GROWTH RATES IN THE COMING FIVE YEARS
FIGURE 14 EVOLUTION OF VOD MARKET
FIGURE 15 VOD MARKET SEGMENTATION, BY SOLUTION
FIGURE 16 VOD MARKET SEGMENTATION, BY APPLICATION
FIGURE 17 VOD MARKET SEGMENTATION, BY DELIVERY TECHNOLOGY
FIGURE 18 VOD MARKET SEGMENTATION, BY VERTICAL
FIGURE 19 VOD MARKET SEGMENTATION, BY REGION
FIGURE 20 VOD IS THE GREATEST REVENUE GENERATOR FOR CABLE OPERATORS AND CONTENT PROVIDERS
FIGURE 21 VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS
FIGURE 22 PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS: VOD MARKET
FIGURE 23 VOD IN MEA IS EXPECTED TO HAVE HIGH GROWTH RATE IN THE COMING FIVE YEARS
FIGURE 24 DTH WILL CONTINUE TO DOMINATE THE PAY-TV VOD MARKET IN 2019
FIGURE 25 CABLE TV IN EUROPE WILL CONTINUE TO HAVE THE LARGEST MARKET SIZE IN THE COMING FIVE YEARS
FIGURE 26 NORTH AMERICA, EUROPE, AND APAC TO LEAD THE DTH MARKET IN TERMS OF MARKET SIZE
FIGURE 27 OTT SOLUTIONS ARE GAINING TRACTION RAPIDLY IN THE MANUFACTURING SECTOR
FIGURE 28 NORTH AMERICA STANDS AS THE LARGEST MARKET FOR IPTV VOD SOLUTIONS IN 2014
FIGURE 29 VOD MARKET SIZE, BY APPLICATION (2014 VS. 2019): ENTERTAINMENT WILL CONTINUE TO DOMINATE THE VOD APPLICATIONS MARKET
FIGURE 30 ENTERTAINMENT APPLICATION WILL EXPERIENCE THE HIGHEST GROWTH IN MEA REGION
FIGURE 31 TVOD TO DOMINATE VOD MARKET BY DELIVERY TECHNOLOGY IN TERMS OF MARKET SIZE IN THE COMING 5 YEARS
FIGURE 32 MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY IS EXPECTED TO BE THE VERTICAL WITH THE HIGHEST GROWTH RATE
FIGURE 33 MANUFACTURING IS THE FASTEST GROWING INDUSTRY IN THE VOD MARKET
FIGURE 34 HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY TO DOMINATE THE VOD MARKET IN ALL REGIONS
FIGURE 35 MEA WILL LEAD THE VOD MARKET IN TERMS OF MARKET GROWTH BY 2019
FIGURE 36 MEA : AN ATTRACTIVE REGION FOR VOD DELIVERY TECHNOLOGIES MARKET
FIGURE 37 MEA IS THE FASTEST GROWING REGION IN THE VOD MARKET
FIGURE 38 GEOGRAPHIC SNAPSHOT: MEA AND APAC ARE EMERGING AS NEW HOT SPOTS
FIGURE 39 VOD MARKET GEOGRAPHICAL SNAPSHOT (2014)
FIGURE 40 NORTH AMERICA MARKET SNAPSHOT: CONSUMER DEMAND FOR SVOD AND TVOD SERVICES ARE DRIVING THE MARKET
FIGURE 41 APAC MARKET SNAPSHOT: LARGE VOD SUBSCRIBER BASES IS DRIVING THE MARKET
FIGURE 42 COMPANIES ADOPTED AGREEMENTS, ACQUISITIONS, AND NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENTS AS THE KEY GROWTH STRATEGIES OVER THE LAST THREE YEARS
FIGURE 43 HUAWEI GREW AT THE HIGHEST RATE BETWEEN 2009 AND 2013
FIGURE 44 MARKET EVALUATION FRAMEWORK
FIGURE 45 BATTLE FOR MARKET SHARE: AGREEMENT, PARTNERSHIP, AND COLLABORATION WAS THE KEY STRATEGY
FIGURE 46 GEOGRAPHIC REVENUE MIX OF TOP 5 MARKET PLAYERS
FIGURE 47 ALCATEL-LUCENT: COMPANY SNAPSHOT
FIGURE 48 ALCATEL-LUCENT: SWOT ANALYSIS
FIGURE 49 FUJITSU LTD.: COMPANY SNAPSHOT
FIGURE 50 FUJITSU: SWOT ANALYSIS
FIGURE 51 ZTE: COMPANY SNAPSHOT
FIGURE 52 ZTE: SWOT ANALYSIS
FIGURE 53 ERICSSON: COMPANY SNAPSHOT
FIGURE 54 ERICSSON: SWOT ANALYSIS
FIGURE 55 HUAWEI: COMPANY SNAPSHOT
FIGURE 56 HUAWEI DATA SYSTEMS: SWOT ANALYSIS
FIGURE 57 AKAMAI TECHNOLOGIES, INC.: COMPANY SNAPSHOT
FIGURE 58 AVAYA: COMPANY SNAPSHOT
FIGURE 59 LEVEL 3 COMMUNICATIONS: COMPANY SNAPSHOT
FIGURE 60 AT&T: COMPANY SNAPSHOT
FIGURE 61 CISCO TECHNOLOGIES: COMPANY SNAPSHOT
“
